Finally, he talks about a “good European” who is able to rise above these issues to find true individuality. For example, he criticizes anti-Semitism while praising the English for their individuality and creativity. He believes that different nations have inherent characteristics. Next, Nietzsche addresses the issue of nationalism and nationalities. In fact, Nietzsche spends eight pages talking about how much he hates women. Everyone has prejudices that they need to be aware of, including women. Nietzsche believed that there was a rank order of people, and this is what he meant by “a good conscience” in the passage. In fact, he says, scholars in modern times are more concerned with facts than meaning. He goes on to talk about how morality is a means by which we overcome ourselves, but that most people are too mediocre to be able to do so. Nietzsche discusses the nature of dogmatism and religious thought. The latter are willing to try out any hypothesis and follow an argument wherever it leads them. Nietzsche contrasts the dogmatic philosophers with a free spirit who is not caught up in any particular point of view. We can see what they value most deeply if we dig up these core beliefs and put them in plain sight. Every great philosophy is simply a justification for its creator’s own assumptions and prejudices. The preface accuses philosophers of dogmatism, and the first chapter explores this claim. While each aphorism can stand on its own, there are also connections between the various themes within each chapter as well as with other chapters throughout the book. These aphorisms are grouped thematically into nine different chapters and are bookended by a preface and a poem. The book consists of 296 aphorisms, ranging in length from a few sentences to a few pages. Beyond Good and Evil is a comprehensive overview of Nietzsche’s mature philosophy.
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